There are four seasons in Assam i.e., summer, rainy, autumn, and winter. Between March and April, some amount of showers keeps the temperature lower is called spring season. The summer season occurs from March to June. The climate of Assam is vastly touched by tropical monsoon rainfall and high humidity. The south-west monsoon pours heavy rain from June to September of the year. Assam records 180 cm average rainfall in this period. In this rainy season, Assam faces the thunderstorms, which is known as ‘Bordoisila’. The autumn season (September to October) offers mild temperatures. The winter season starts in November and ends in the month of February. During winter, moderate to dense fog occurs in Assam. The range of temperatures of Assam state is recorded from 6 – 8 degree Celsius to 35 – 38 degree Celsius.
The recorded forest area of Assam is 26,832 sq km, which is 34.21% of its geographical area. According to a survey, Reserved Forests constitute 66.58% and Unclassed Forests 33.42% of the total forest area. The forest in Assam can be described into the following types/ sub types.
a) Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests.
b) Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests.
c) Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests.
d) Sub-tropical Broadleaf Hill Forests.
e) Sub-tropical Pine Forests.
f) Littoral and Swamp Forests.
g) Grassland and Savannahs.
1. Assam became a constituent state of India in 1950.
2. In which direction of India, Assam is situated?
a) North-West b) East c) North-East d) North
Ans : c)
3. Which data is correct about the surroundings of Assam?
a) North > Bhutan & Arunachal, South > Meghalaya, Tripura,
Mizoram & Bangladesh, East > Nagaland & Manipur, West >
West Bangle
b) South > Bhutan & Arunachal, North > Meghalaya, Tripura,
Mizoram & Bangladesh, West > Nagaland & Manipur, East >
West Bangle
c) East> Bhutan & Arunachal, West > Meghalaya, Tripura,
Mizoram & Bangladesh, North > Nagaland & Manipur, South >
West Bangle
d) West > Bhutan & Arunachal, East > Meghalaya, Tripura,
Mizoram & Bangladesh, South > Nagaland & Manipur, North >
West Bangle
Ans : a)
4. Two rivers valley of Assam are
a) The Ganges valley and Brahmaputra valley
b) The Brahmaputra and Borak valley
c) The Subansiri valley and Borak valley
d) The Brahmaputra and Pagladia valley
Ans : b)
5. The area of Assam is
a) 78,538 sq. km. b) 78,400 sq. km.
c) 78,438 sq. km. d) 79,438 sq. km
Ans : c)
6. Latitude and Longitude of Assam is
a) 27.200604 N 91.937574 E
b) 26.200604 N 94.937574 E
c) 26.200604 N 92.937574 E
d) 25.200604 N 92.937574 E
Ans : c)
7. The capital city of Assam is
a) Kamrup b) Guwahati
c) Dispur d) Shillong
Ans : c)
8. In which year Dispur was declared as capital of Assam?
a) the year 2000 b) the year 1950
c) the year 1985 d) the year 1973
Ans : d)
9. Population of Assam (Census 2011) : 3,12,05,576
Male : 15939443 Female : 1,52,66,133
Population growth : 17.07%
Percentage of total population : 2.58%
Sex Ratio : 958 Female : 1000 Male
Child Sex ration : 962 Female : 1000 Male
Population density/ sq. km : 398
10. Literacy rate of Assam according Census 2011: 72.19%
Male Literacy : 77.85% , Female Literacy : 66.27%
Total Literate : 1,91,77,977
Male Literate : 1,05,68,639 Female Literate : 86,09,338
11. Assam Rural and Urban Population (Census 2011)
i) Population percentage(%) : Rural: 85.90% , Urban: 14.10%
ii) Total population: Rural: 2,68,07034 , Urban: 43,98,542
iii Male population: Rural: 1,36,78,989 , Urban: 22,60,454
iv) Female population: Rural: 1,31,28,045 , Urban: 21,38,088
v) Population growth : Rural: 15.47%, Urban: 27.89%
vi) Sex ratio : Rural: 960 , Urban : 946
vii) Child sex ratio (0-6) : Rural : 964, Urban: 944
viii) Child population (0-6) : Rural: 41,87,323 , Urban: 4,50,807
ix) Child percentage (0-6) : Rural: 15.62% , Urban: 10.25%
x) Literates : Rural : 1,56,85,436, Urban: 34,92,541
xi) Average Literacy : Rural: 69.34% , Urban: 88.47%
xii) Male Literacy : Rural: 75.40% , Urban: 91.81%
xiii) Female Literacy : Rural: 60.05%, Urban: 79.85%
12. Assam Religious Data (Census 2011)
i) Hindu : Population : 1,91,80,759, Percentage : 61.47%
ii) Muslim : Population : 1,06,79,345, Percentage : 34.22%
iii) Christian: Population : 1,16,5867 , Percentage : 3.74%
iv) Buddhist: Population : 54,993 , Percentage : 0.18%
v) Not available : Population : 50,873 , Percentage : 0.16%
vi) Other religion: Population : 27,118 , Percentage : 0.09%
vii) Jain: Population : 25,949 , Percentage : 0.08%
viii) Sikh: Population : 20,672 , Percentage : 0.07%
13. The Brahmaputra River
The Brahmaputra River flows through Assam, a north-east state of India, originates from Angsi Glacier and Manasarover Lake near Mount Kailash of Tibet. The river is a trans-boundary river which crosses China, India and Bangladesh. The initial part of the Brahmaputra is known as Yarlung Tsangpo. So the river is known as Brahmaputra-Tsangpo. The length of the Brahmaputra River is 2900km from its source to outfall in the Bay of Bengal. The average depth of the river is 38m (124ft) and maximum depth is 120m (380ft). The average width of Brahmaputra is 5.46 Km. The average discharge of the river is about 19,800 m3/s (700,000 cu ft/s). It is the ninth largest river in the world by discharge, and the 15th longest. The river is known as Siang/Dihang River in Arunachal Pradesh and Luit or Dilao in Assam. The cities, Dibrugarh, Tezpur and Guwahati are situated on the bank of the Brahmaputra. The Majuli island, which is the largest river island in the world is on the Brahmaputra.
The Brahmaputra River is a classic example of a braided river. Many tributaries fall in the Brahmaputra in the Assam valley. Most of the tributaries are large streams and they pour great quantities of water in the Brahmaputra. The names of some main tributaries of the Brahmaputra are Buri Dihing, Dibru, Subansiri, Jia Bharali, Dikhou, Disang, Bhogdoi, Dhansiri, Kopili, Kolong, Puthimari, Pagladia, Beki, Manash, Sankosh, Kulsi, Krishnai etc.
14. The Barak River
The Barak River, the second largest river of North East India flows from its source at Liyai Kullen Village in Manipur state of India through the states of Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Assam in India and into the Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh. The river is 900 km long. It passes through the district of Cachar, Karimganj, Hailakandi and North Cachar Hills of south Assam. In Assam the length of the Barak River is 225 km. Its main tributaries are Jiri, Siri, Madhura, Jatinga, Larang, Sonai, Ghagra, Katakhal, Dhaleswari, Singla and Longai. The Barak River has very rich aquatic biodiversity. It has river crocodile, river dolphin, otter and varieties of fish.
15. Names of Districts, Headquarters, Divisions, Sub-Divisions of Assam
The State of Assam is divided into 33 Administrative Districts. The districts are demarcated on the basis of features such as rivers, hills, forests, etc. East Karbi Anglong is the largest district of Assam with an area of 10,434 sq. km. and South Salmara-Mankachar is the smallest district with an area of 568 sq.km. Majuli is the first river island district of India with an area of 880 sq.km.
The Districts of Assam are further placed under five Regional Divisions.
The areas and populations of 33 nos. Districts of Assam are given below.
|
Division Name |
Divisional Office |
District |
Headquarter |
Sub-Division |
Population (Census 2011) |
Area (sq. km) |
Density (/sq. km) |
|
Barak Valley |
Silchar |
Cachar |
Silchar |
Silchar, Katigorah, Lakhipur, Sonai |
17,36,319 |
3,786 |
381 |
|
Hailakandi |
Hailakandi |
Hailakandi, Katlicherra |
6,59,260 |
1,327 |
409 |
||
|
Karimganj |
Karimganj |
Karimganj, Ramkrishna Nagar |
12,17,002 |
1,809 |
555 |
||
|
Central Assam |
Nagaon |
Dima Hasao |
Haflong |
Haflong, Diyungbra, Maibong |
2,14,102 |
4,888 |
44 |
|
Hojai |
Hojai |
Hojai |
9,31,218 |
||||
|
East Karbi Anglong |
Diphu |
Diphu, Bokajan, Howraghat |
9,65,280 |
10,434 |
78 |
||
|
West Karbi Anglong, |
Hamren |
Hamren |
3,00,320 |
3,035 |
99 |
||
|
Morigaon |
Morigaon |
Morigaon |
9,57,853 |
1,704 |
455 |
||
|
Nagaon |
Nagaon |
Nagaon, Kaliabor |
18,92,550 |
2,287 |
604 |
||
|
Lower Assam |
Guwahati |
Baksa |
Mushalpur |
Mushalpur, Salbari, Tamulpur |
9,53,773 |
2,400 |
398 |
|
Barpeta |
Barpeta |
Barpeta, Bajali, Kalgachia, Sarukhetri, Sorbhog |
16,93,190 |
3,245 |
506 |
||
|
Bongaigaon |
Bongaigaon |
Bongaigaon, Manikpur, North Salmara |
20,60,550 |
1,724 |
425 |
||
|
Chirang |
Kajalgaon |
Kajalgaon,Bijni |
4,81,818 |
1,468 |
328 |
||
|
Dhubri |
Dhubri |
Dhubri, Bilasipara |
19,48,632 |
2,838 |
576 |
||
|
Goalpara |
Goalpara |
Goalpara, Lakhipur |
10,08,959 |
1,824 |
451 |
||
|
Nalbari |
Nalbari |
Nalbari, Mukalmua, Tihu |
7,69,919 |
2,257 |
504 |
||
|
Kamrup Metropolitan |
Guwahati |
Guwahati, Chandrapur, Dispur, Sonapur, Azara |
12,60,419 |
1,528 |
820 |
||
|
Kamrup Rural |
Amingaon |
Kamrup, Azara, Dakhin Kamrup, Rangia |
15,17,202 |
1,527.84 |
520 |
||
|
Kokrajhar |
Kokrajhar |
Kokrajhar, Gossaigaon, Parbatjhora |
9,30,404 |
3,129 |
297 |
||
|
South Salmara-Mankachar |
Hatsingimari |
Hatsingimari |
5,55,114 |
568 |
980 |
||
|
North Assam |
Tezpur |
Biswanath |
Biswanath Chariali |
Biswanath Chariali, Gohpur |
5,80,000 |
1,100 |
530 |
|
Darrang |
Mangaldoi |
Mangaldoi |
9,08,090 |
1,585 |
432 |
||
|
Sonitpur |
Tezpur |
Sonitpur, Dhekiajuli |
19,25,975 |
5,324 |
315 |
||
|
Udalguri |
Udalguri |
Udalguri, Bhergaon |
8,32,769 |
1,676 |
497 |
||
|
Upper Assam |
Jorhat |
Charaideo |
Sonari |
Charaideo |
|||
|
Dhemaji |
Dhemaji |
Dhemaji, Jonai |
6,88,077 |
3,237 |
176 |
||
|
Dibrugarh |
Dibrugarh |
Dibrugarh, Moran, Naharkatiya |
13,27,748 |
3,381 |
347 |
||
|
Golaghat |
Golaghat |
Golaghat, Bokakhat, Dhansiri, Merapani |
10,58,674 |
3,502 |
270 |
||
|
Jorhat |
Jorhat |
Jorhat, Titabor |
10,91,295 |
2,851 |
354 |
||
|
Lakhimpur |
North Lakhimpur |
North Lakhimpur, Bihpuria Narayanpur, Dhakuakhana |
10,40,644 |
2,277 |
391 |
||
|
Majuli |
Garamur |
Majuli |
1,67,304 |
880 |
300 |
||
|
Sivasagar |
Sivasagar |
Sivasagar, Nazira |
11,50,253 |
2,668 |
395 |
||
|
Tinsukia |
Tinsukia |
Tinsukia, Margherita, Sadiya |
13,16,948 |
3,790 |
303 |